Artists such as Anait (USA) produced several experiments in the area, one of which showed her inside the holographic display, writing, with spray cream, seemingly onto the holographic surface. The artist could concentrate on the filmic image, using facilities and photographic techniques they were familiar with and not have to learn the holographic process or build a holographic laboratory themselves. This offered an interesting balance in the creative process. They could make the movie film sequences themselves and then send this film to a commercial producer for a hologram to be made for them. Although very popular for advertizing and promotional campaigns during the 1980s, particularly in the USA, several artists used this technique. Short animated sequences can be presented while accepted film techniques such as zoom, pan, tilt, and transitions can be incorporated into the finished sequence of images. Such a display does give the impression that an observer can walk all the way round the image, enhancing its perceived three-dimensional effect.Īs the original images are recorded photographically, there are several advantages – anything which can be recorded on inexpensive black and white movie film can be converted into a holographic display. The final holographic sheet was displayed either curved or as a complete cylinder, which was often motorized so that viewers could stand in front of the unit and watch the animation take place as the hologram rotated. The result was a holographic stereogram, which gave viewers the illusion of seeing animated images in three dimensions. In 1973, Lloyd Cross invented the multiplex (integral) hologram technique which used sequential two-dimensional images recorded on movie film combined with white light (rainbow) hologram techniques. Pepper, in Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, 2005 Pseudo Holograms HOLOGRAPHY, APPLICATIONS | Art HolographyĪ. The point symmetry of a crystal depends therefore on the space lattice, that is, the dimensions and angles of the unit cell, and on the motif, that is, the atomic arrangement about each lattice point. 5a) in a crystal with 2/ m monoclinic symmetry, that is, with point group G = if their symmetry axes are not aligned. Consider a general direction, indicated by a pole in the stereogram ( Fig. Read moreĪ convenient graphic representation of the point group symmetry is the stereographic projection. Seeing the same point of each figure (e.g., the orange ball) with each eye also makes it easier to see the fused image. For those who wear glasses, the stereopsis occurs more easily if you remove your glasses. When the two figures merge, the fused figure should become a 3D figure. In order to obtain the stereoscopy of the images of Fig. The heme is made of a porphyrin ring with an iron in the center (see Fig. 2.3.1 indicate a protoporphyrin IX containing Fe, which is called heme (or heam). Red, orange, blue, and gray balls indicate oxygen, iron, nitrogen, and carbon, respectively. The stereoscopy or stereogram (3D-images) can be available with combinations of Fig. Fundamental Knowledges and Techniques in BiochemistryĪkio Makishima, in Biochemistry for Materials Science, 2019 2.4 Stereoscopy
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